Chronology

The most important dates in the Roman history of Germania from Augustus to Nero (30 BC–AD 68; Julian-Claudian imperial family) are provided below:

27 BC-AD 14	Emperor Augustus
17-16 BC		Defeat of Governor M. Lollius by the Sugabri, Usipetri, and Tencteri.
16-12 BC		First stationing of Roman troops on the Rhine River, which became the border of the Empire after the subjection of Gaul (58-51 BC) by C. Julius Caesar (100-44 BC).
		Augustus in Gaul. Administrative reorganization.
15-13 BC	Alps campaign led by Drusus and Tiberius, stepson of Augustus.
12-9 BC	Drusus’s Germania campaigns to the Elbe River. Death of Drusus during the march back (9 BC). Conclusion of the first offensive in Germania.
8-7 BC	Tieberius in Germania.
1 BC	L. Domitius Ahenobarbus crosses the Elbe.
1-6 AD	Unrest in Germania.
4-6 AD	Unrest put down by Tiberius.
6/7-9 AD	Governor Varus.
9 AD	Defeat of Varus in the “Teutoburg Forest”. Under the leadership of the Cheruscan Arminius, the Germanic tribes crush three legions (XVII, XVIII, XIX), three cavalry squadrons, and six infantry units.
10-12 AD	Reorganization of the Rhine front (Tiberius).
13-16 AD	Germanicus, son of Drusus, becomes governor in Gaul and commander-in-chief of the troops on the Rhine.
14-37 AD	Emperor Tiberius.
15-16 AD	Germanicus’s campaigns in Germania. Germanicus visits the site of Varus’s defeat. Battle near Idistaviso (at the Angrivarian Wall). March back. Recall of Germanicus. The Rhine once again becomes the border of the Roman Empire.
17 AD	Death of Germanicus.
19 AD	Murder of Arminius.
37-41 AD	Caligula (Gaius Caesar Germanicus), son of Germanicus, is Roman Emperor. Campaign against the Chatti, victory (AD 40-41). Recapture (by P. Gabinius Secundus, commander-in-chief of the troops in Lower Germania) of the last legionary eagle that had been lost in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
41-54 AD	Claudius, younger brother of Germanicus, becomes Roman Emperor. Extension of highways from Italy to the Danube River (Via Claudia Augusta).
54-68 AD	Nero is Roman Emperor. He commits suicide in AD 68.